{"id":47520,"date":"2021-10-18T09:24:51","date_gmt":"2021-10-17T22:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/?p=47520"},"modified":"2023-01-04T14:48:06","modified_gmt":"2023-01-04T04:18:06","slug":"podcast-battery-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/podcast-battery-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"Ep32 &#8211; Battery Chemistry with Hard Korr"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"for-amp wp-block-heading\">Listen to the full episode here:<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"buzzsprout-player-9384745\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t <script src=\"https:\/\/www.buzzsprout.com\/1259564\/9384745.js?container_id=buzzsprout-player-9384745&amp;player=small\" type=\"text\/javascript\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n\n\n\n\t<div class=\"wp-video-popup-wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-video-popup-close\"><\/div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"wp-video-popup-video is-hosted is-landscape is-resizable\" src=\"\" data-wp-video-popup-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OKv1cSjjOt4?autoplay=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay\">\n\t\t<\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"for-amp wp-block-heading\">Or watch the video version here:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ep 32 - Battery Chemistry with Hard Korr\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OKv1cSjjOt4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Episode Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Be it jump-starting your Jeep or keeping the cold ones crisp, plug in when off the grid with battery options from flooded lead acid to lithium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Outdoor experts Ben and Lauren host a supercharged chat with Sam and Zac from Hard Korr about the background of batteries, their chemical construction, best uses, compatible charge cycles, safety, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the crank battery in your car to deep-cycle charging of devices \u2013 get to know the batteries that bear the best results out bush.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shortcuts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>00:00 &#8211; Intro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>02:57 &#8211; Types of Batteries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>03:22 &#8211; AGM Battery Construction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>04:03 &#8211; Vehicle (Crank) Batteries Vs Deep-Cycle (Auxilary) Batteries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>06:40 &#8211; Don&#8217;t Use a Crank Battery as a Deep-Cycle Battery!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>07:02 &#8211; Do secondary car batteries require a corresponding battery chemistry?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>08:13 &#8211; Considerations for a Dual Battery Set-Up<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11:04 &#8211; Can you charge a lithium battery from the alternator?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12:00 &#8211; Charging an Auxiliary Battery with a New Car (Smart Alternators)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12:21 &#8211; Variable Voltage Smart Alternators<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13:04 &#8211; Using a DC-to-DC Charger<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14:22 &#8211; Basic Terminology Explained for Beginners<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>22:26 &#8211; Comparing Lithium Batteries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>26:00 &#8211; Lithium Battery Safety<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>30:22 &#8211; Using the Right Charge Cycle for Your Battery<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>37:09 &#8211; Charger Types Explained (PWM, DC-to-DC, MPPT)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>41:40 &#8211; Why do you need a regulator with a solar panel setup?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>42:55 &#8211; Compatibility Between Batteries and Solar Panels<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>50:42 &#8211; Important Tip if Charging Lithium Batteries with an AGM Program<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>51:22 &#8211; The Future of AGM and Lithium Batteries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>55:38 &#8211; Limitations of AGM and Lithium Batteries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mentioned in this episode<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/search?w=agm%20deep%20cycle%20battery\">Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) batteries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/search?w=lithium%20batteries\">Lithium batteries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/heavy-duty-battery-box?c=White\">Hard Korr Battery Box<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/voltage-sensitive-relay-kit\">Hard Korr Voltage Sensitive Relay Kit<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/dual-battery-wiring-kit-for-battery-box-with-vsr\">Hard Korr Dual Battery Wiring Kit<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/search?w=solar%20charger\">Solar Chargers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/15-amp-waterproof-pwm-smart-solar-regulator\">Smart Solar Regulators<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/search?w=portable%20solar%20panel\">Portable Solar Panels<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/search?w=MPPT%20portable%20power%20packs\">MPPT Portable Power Packs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Types of Batteries<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While the most common batteries are found beneath the bonnet of your car, other types include flooded lead acid, Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM), calcium, gel, and lithium. Where AGM batteries are more popular for use at the campsite, the lithium variety are also used as a power source for electronics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AGM Battery Construction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The AGM battery is comprised of plates segregated by fibreglass mats. The battery\u2019s acid and electrolytes are absorbed by the mats, preventing fluidity within the battery. Pressure is then applied to the plates within each cell of the battery\u2019s casing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vehicle (Crank) Batteries Vs Deep-Cycle (Auxiliary) Batteries<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A vehicle battery is otherwise known as a &#8216;crank&#8217; or &#8216;start&#8217; battery, producing short, sharp bursts of high current ideal for starting an engine. The plates within a crank battery are thinner and its active material less dense, allowing a higher surface area for the chemical reactions to occur. As a result, the battery releases a higher current. &nbsp;Thanks to your vehicle alternator, a crank or start battery can drop a dramatic volume of charge quickly without needing to deeply discharge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the contrary, deep-cycle or &#8216;auxiliary&#8217; batteries are designed to charge periodically, allowing you to discharge its capacity without damaging the cells. Unlike crank batteries, their plates are thicker, delivering continuous power at a lower current-draw, for longer. This allows prolonged use, deeper discharge, and overall longer service life \u2013 boding well for 4WD-ing and camping, and ideal for powering fridges, lights or fans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/100ah-high-discharge-lithium-deep-cycle-battery#instoreAvailability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/100ah-high-discharge-lithium-deep-cycle-battery#instoreAvailability noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/EP32-Body-Image.jpg\" alt=\"A 4WD is parked at a campsite with its boot open, displaying a range of camping equipment. The lighting is dim, but the area is well lit at the back of the 4WD.\" class=\"wp-image-47541\" title=\"Lithium batteries are used as a power source for electronics\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/EP32-Body-Image.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/EP32-Body-Image-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/EP32-Body-Image-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/EP32-Body-Image-10x7.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"Lithium-batteries-are-used-as-a-power-source-for-electronics\"><em>Where AGM batteries are more popular for use at the campsite, the Lithium variety are also used as a power source for electronics. Credit: Hard Korr<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Don&#8217;t Use a Crank Battery as a Deep-Cycle Battery!<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Crank or start batteries are not designed for multiple discharge and recharge cycles, unlike deep-cycle varieties. Discharging a crank battery\u2019s full capacity as done with an auxiliary will shorten its service life significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Do secondary car batteries require a corresponding battery chemistry?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The short answer is no. In most to all cases, the crank and auxiliary battery will be of different chemistry and size. Although the crank battery is connected, it is charged via the vehicle\u2019s alternator while the auxiliary battery is charged through a DC-to-DC charger or a Voltage Sensitive Relay (VSR). Given this, the batteries needn\u2019t be of the same chemical makeup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Considerations for a Dual Battery Set-Up<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the alternate scenario of charging two auxiliary batteries parallel (excluding the crank battery beneath the bonnet), these <em>are<\/em> required to be of the same chemistry. Whilst the crank and auxiliary batteries have opposing charge cycles, a dual battery system where two auxiliary batteries are charging together require a corresponding chemical makeup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s unknown whether the chemistry of the second battery \u2013 dual or not \u2013 is required to be the same as the crank. However, if connected from the battery, it is accurate to assume they should each be chemically constructed the same way with the same amp-hour charge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Can you charge a Lithium battery from the alternator?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s not ideal. Alternatively, a lithium battery can be charged via a VSR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The VSR \u2013 an isolator \u2013 detects the voltage produced by the alternator, charges the battery, then cuts the circuit link when it detects a drop in voltage from the pre-set minimum (i.e. when the car engine has been turned off). Consequently, the crank battery doesn\u2019t discharge from the auxiliary battery charging after the engine stops running.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Charging an Auxiliary Battery with a New Car (Smart Alternators)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While new cars on the market allow the charging of auxiliary batteries via a DC-to-DC charger, older models haven\u2019t required this. This is because newer car models have smart alternators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Variable Voltage Smart Alternators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the two types of smart alternators is the Variable Voltage Alternator, found more commonly in more recent car models. As its purpose is to save power and fuel emissions, this alternator drops below 12.7V when it detects that charging the battery is unnecessary, even when the engine is on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In these situations, a VSR will not work, given it has inbuilt fixed cut-in and cut-out points. Instead, it will assume the vehicle is off, cut the link, and cease the charging of the auxiliary battery while the vehicle is still running. For this reason, a DC-to-DC charger is necessary for such vehicle types. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Using a DC-to-DC Charger<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Where a VSR will only charge a battery to 85% capacity (depending on the battery\u2019s chemistry), a DC-to-DC charger has a more advanced charge program, tailored to the different types of batteries available. After setting in accordance with the battery type, the DC-to-DC charger will charge the battery to 100% capacity. A DC-to-DC charger thus offers benefits, whether your vehicle requires one or not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Basic Terminology Explained for Beginners<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When discussing batteries, Cold Cranking Amps (CCA) often arises as a common term. Cold Cranking Amps are important to look for in a starter battery as opposed to deep-cycle batteries, as kick-starting an engine requires a large volume of power. Cold Cranking Amp measurements are based on a thirty second time limit at a temperature of zero degrees Fahrenheit.<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, if a battery has a CCA rating of 600 amps, this means it can deliver 600 amps of power to the starter battery, for 30 seconds in zero degrees Fahrenheit. This needs to happen without it dropping below 7.2V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While AGM batteries may be an exception, CCAs are irrelevant to deep-cycle batteries such as lithium batteries, as they are unable to exert the high current required to jump-start engines. To jump-start a petrol vehicle, there is 1 CCA required for every 1 cubic inch of displacement in an engine, while diesel engines require 2 CCA per 1 cubic inch. Whilst lithium batteries are still not recommended, it is possible to deliver sufficient amps from other deep-cycle battery types (AGM more commonly) via a high-rated Anderson board. Nonetheless, using deep-cycle batteries to jump-start vehicles should only be attempted in emergencies, as discharging the battery quickly shortens its life span.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another term commonly referenced in relation to deep cycle batteries is Amp Hours (AH). An amp hour indicates the number of amps a battery can deliver in one hour. Older or lesser quality 100AH lithium batteries can\u2019t always deliver that current over one hour, and for this reason Amp Hours are only a theoretical measure. For example, the battery could instead deliver 50 amps over two hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In fact, the ultimate current delivered from that battery will differ depending on how quickly it is discharged. This is indicated by the battery\u2019s C Rating measurement, which measures the current in which the battery is both charged and discharged. For example, a battery with a 100 Amp Hour and C20 rating indicates that the battery will discharge continually over a 20-hour period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Comparing Lithium Batteries<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of reputable manufacturers, a battery that reads 100 Amp Hours should correspond to a C20 rating. On the contrary, cheaper manufacturers use a rating 20% higher than a C20, in the interest of selling more batteries with less lithium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Where AGM batteries are more linear, a lithium battery will start at a voltage of 14.2V, drop to 13.2V, hover between this and 12.4V, then finally drop to 10V. Given this, the battery will require an overall &#8216;nominated&#8217; figure i.e. an approximation or midpoint. In this case, the nominal voltage would be 12.8V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whilst there is no legal requirement to list a C20 rating, there are introductions to new laws that require passing a specific read in order to be accepted into the country. This is in the interest of safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lithium Battery Safety<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A poorly constructed lithium battery is dangerous and prone to exploding. It\u2019s important to ensure these batteries are manufactured to a high standard before purchasing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There continues to be oversight of these products to ensure only safely constructed batteries are accepted, with new protocol surrounding this as of recent months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Using the Right Charge Cycle for Your Battery<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In discussing discharging, we\u2019re referring to the battery\u2019s charge cycle. Depending on the chemistry of the battery in question, a charge cycle indicates the voltage\/s delivered at various levels, for different periods of time, in order to reach full charge. This differs to the process of an alternator, which delivers charge straight into the battery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Different batteries require different charge cycles. For example, while a flooded lead acid battery with 100 Amp Hour is ideally discharged to 50% capacity to maximise service life, a lithium battery is safe to be discharged to 80%. That said, a lithium battery can realistically discharge to 99% at a pinch, and \u2013 depending on their chemistry \u2013 other batteries can be discharged to 70%-80% of their capacity. Nonetheless, habitually discharging to below its ideal capacity will drop a battery\u2019s service life.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After heavy discharging of a flooded lead acid battery, an equalization program is required to be introduced every 28 days. The process ensures all cells are of an equal voltage, undoing the build-up of negative chemicals. Without this, the battery will fail to charge to its full capacity, which in turn decreases its service life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Where a fully charged lithium battery ranges between 14.2V and 14.4V, an AGM battery at full charge sits at 13.8V. A lithium battery holds its charge for 3-4 months, while an AGM will be at 13.8V for around a month. It is not ideal to store an AGM battery without charge for too long without replenishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is suggested to charge your battery using more advanced chargers, such as DC-to-DC, as much as possible. Solar and DC-to-DC chargers have a pre-programmed cycle to ensure maximum usage of the battery life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The explanation behind why there\u2019s an ideal depth of discharge for batteries is complicated, and beyond the scope of this episode. Essentially, if a charger isn\u2019t delivering the voltage required, the battery\u2019s charge will simply fail to reach 100%. For example, wherever the amp reading is on 13.6V, the charger will stop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Charger Types Explained (PWM, DC-to-DC, MPPT)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Types of chargers include Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), DC-to-DC, and Max Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Both PWM and MPPT chargers are types of solar regulators, suited to charging batteries with a solar panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The PWM charger gradually charges by moderating the width of the electrical pulses, like a sinewave. The width will either increase or decrease to moderate the charge. In the right circumstances, a MPPT regulator can charge a battery quickly. For instance, if a solar panel\u2019s maximum open circuit voltage is high enough, the MPPT takes advantage of that, delivering both a higher current and faster charging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cons of MPPT chargers are that they\u2019re heavier, less portable, and more advanced in electricity circuitry. The latter means they are less reliable over time, while portability is key when off-road adventuring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While most people with solar systems on their house have a MPPT controller, the variation of MPPT and PWM controllers in an off-grid system of that size is negligible. In fact, the value of an MPPT charger comes with the larger kilowatt capacity system on a house. This is because the maximum voltage of solar panels on a roof is much higher than that of portable solar panels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why do you need a regulator with a solar panel set-up?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Solar panels give out an open voltage of 22V and close voltage of 19.2V. As delivering 19V into a 12V battery isn\u2019t possible, a regulator converts the 19V back to a 12V so it can feed the 12V battery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Portable power packs are available as all-in-one units with inbuilt MPPT controller, therefore requiring connection to a raw panel. As the power pack has solar input specs, the solar panel output needs to correspond to these. In the case of inbuilt MPPT controllers within battery packs, it is suggested to disconnect the regulator and plug the panel directly into the power pack. Whilst a 24V wouldn\u2019t work, it would be rare for a 12V solar panel not to suit that regulator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Compatibility Between Batteries and Solar Panels<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If the rating of a regulator isn\u2019t sufficient to handle the current coming from a solar panel, the process won\u2019t work. For example, a 40 Amp Hour AGM power pack with inbuilt MPPT and solar input specs of 18-20V with 5 amps fits a 200-watt solar panel. However, the solar panels deliver 11 amps and are unable to regulate down to 5 amps. Essentially, if a regulator only handles a maximum of 5 amps, the panels must correspond to this (i.e. 80-90 watts), where a current that is too high presents the risk of frying the regulator. Whilst most regulators include around 15% of inbuilt &#8216;fat&#8217; for protection, it&#8217;s still recommended not to exceed the ideal current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A low amp rating doesn\u2019t allow too many options for adequate solar panels. Most panels should state the number of amps they\u2019re rated to use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Important Tip if Charging Lithium batteries with an AGM Program<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While some batteries such as AGM require a &#8216;float&#8217; program \u2013 a continuous voltage to keep them floating at a certain charge \u2013 such a process will damage a lithium battery due to its difference in design. When releasing a load to power the system\u2019s devices, the charger is usually capable of recognizing this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Future of AGM and Lithium Batteries<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While AGM batteries are currently the more popular choice and accessible option, the advantages of Lithium batteries may see them ultimately prevail as we move forward in the 12-Volt space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With new technology and the gradual decrease in price of lithium-ion phosphate, it\u2019s not out of the question for AGM batteries to eventually phase out in favour of lithium types. Given the fast-charging, long-lasting characteristics of Lithium batteries, and with AGM systems still common, it\u2019s possible there will become more of a demand for lithium battery-compatible appliances and voltage regulators to ensure consistent use and power out of AGM systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Limitations of AGM and Lithium Batteries<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s understood that owners of AGM systems can be cut from their load at only a 30% discharge. Certain accessories (an example being a fridge) require certain voltages, which is where AGM batteries can fail. Their chemistry discharges in a linear fashion, i.e. from a full charge of 13.8V to a full discharge of 10.5V, which means the load will inevitably cut out at some point. While voltage regulators are an optional accessory at present, it\u2019s hoped that they become more of the future part and parcel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The main issues with lithium batteries are their price point and safety concerns. Price wise, it\u2019s unlikely lithium batteries will reach the same price as AGM batteries anytime soon. Their tolerance of heat is also low, where it is strongly advised to not keep them beneath a bonnet as both a safety and performance consideration. Considering this limitation, lithium batteries indicate an optimal temperature range across three states of use: storage, charging, and discharging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thanks for listening, tune in again for next week\u2019s episode!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Thanks for tuning in to this week\u2019s episode of the Snowys Camping Show Podcast. Don\u2019t forget to subscribe to us on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCgpO6k-UyaYgwyLg0ESceCg\">YouTube<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/0wy9b822eekXe00bAIqPbX\">Spotify<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/au\/podcast\/snowys-camping-show\/id1527530990\">iTunes<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/music.amazon.com\/podcasts\/db56692e-96e7-418d-929d-88c5fde70b1a\/Snowys-Camping-Show\">Amazon Music<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iheart.com\/podcast\/269-snowys-camping-show-79675943\/\">iHeartRadio<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pca.st\/z1mx2k64\">Pocket Casts<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/podcastaddict.com\/podcast\/3281467\">Podcast Addict<\/a>, or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stitcher.com\/s?fid=618483\">Stitcher<\/a>&nbsp;so you never miss an upload.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have any questions for Ben and Lauren, make sure you head over to our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/snowys\/\">Facebook group<\/a>&nbsp;and let us know as we\u2019d love to hear from you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Catch you out there!<\/p>\n<div class='watch-action'><div class='watch-position align-left'><div class='action-like'><a class='lbg-style1 like-47520 jlk' href='javascript:void(0)' data-task='like' data-post_id='47520' data-nonce='11c7a0c6e8' rel='nofollow'><img class='wti-pixel' src='https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/wti-like-post\/images\/pixel.gif' title='Liked it' \/><span class='lc-47520 lc'>0<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class='status-47520 status align-left'><\/div><\/div><div class='wti-clear'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From the crank battery in your car to deep-cycle charging of devices \u2013 get to know the batteries that bear the best results out bush, as Lauren and Ben chat with special guests from Hard Korr in this episode of the Snowys Camping Show.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1638,"featured_media":47530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1570,1572,854],"tags":[1035,1036,1042,1043,1033,1058,1057,1038,1039,1044,1045,1061,1040,1041,1046,1034,1037,1055,1056,1059,1053,1054,1060,1049,1052,1047,1048,1051,1050],"class_list":["post-47520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-podcast-4wd","category-podcast-caravan","category-podcast","tag-agm","tag-agmbatteries","tag-auxiliary","tag-auxiliarybattery","tag-battery","tag-batterysafety","tag-chargecycle","tag-crank","tag-crankbattery","tag-dctodc","tag-dctodccharger","tag-dctodcregulator","tag-deepcycle","tag-deepcyclebattery","tag-dualbatterysetup","tag-lithium","tag-lithiumbatteries","tag-mppt","tag-mpptcharger","tag-mpptregulator","tag-pwm","tag-pwmcharger","tag-pwmregulator","tag-smartalternators","tag-solarpanels","tag-variablevoltagealternators","tag-variablevoltagesmartalternators","tag-voltagesensitiverelay","tag-vsr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1638"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47520"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47520\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51714,"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47520\/revisions\/51714"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.snowys.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}